CONCLUSIONS Metastasis, the spread of cancer

CONCLUSIONS Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to
distant organs and their treatment-resistant proliferation in multiple
locations, remains a major clinical and biological challenge.
The genetics of breast cancer metastasis is a very broad and complex
field of study. It is relatively new and expanding. There are several
metastases (90). Another study conducted by Nakopoulou et al. using
studies for relevance, and their mechanisms of action need to be
elucidated. Interestingly there is not a unique signaling pathway that has
emerged as a key. This further emphasizes the need for more exhaustive
studies. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate
the process of metastasis and of the complex interactions between the
metastatic cells and host factors can provide a biological foundation for
the design of more effective therapy.
potential candidates identified; however, functional validation, patient
2. Genetic control of breast cancer metastasis 21
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We wish to acknowledge all our colleagues and collaborators whose
R.S.S. is a recipient of Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation
research grant # BTCR0503488.
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30 Samant, Fodstad, and Shevde